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Among the dozens of infections known to the world is the Rubella infection. Also known popularly as ...

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Among the dozens of infections known to the world is the Rubella infection. Also known popularly as German measles, this is a contagious disease that is seen commonly among children between the ages of 5 to 9 years. This infection starts with symptoms such as small red bumps or rashes, swollen glands and mild fever which tend to go away after a few days. After the introduction of the Rubella vaccine in 1960s, a decline was seen in the number of cases. However, it can still be found among children and adults in most countries.

While the Rubella virus is not serious even among children, it results in the opposite when a woman is not Rubella IgG positive in pregnancy. An expecting mother coming in contact with anyone suffering from German measles may suffer from congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. If this occurs, a baby can suffer from serious birth defects which include brain damage, heart issues and deafness among others.

<h2>What are the Rubella Symptoms In Pregnancy? </h2>

The symptoms of the Rubella virus are usually mild initially which makes it easy to be ignored. The symptoms start to develop within 2-3 weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for about a week. A woman who is detected with Rubella IgG in pregnancy can suffer from some of these common symptoms:

<ul>
	<li>Pink or red rash on the face</li>
	<li>Rash slowly spreads on the body</li>
	<li>Mild fever</li>
	<li>Headache</li>
	<li>Cough</li>
	<li>Closed or runny nose</li>
	<li>Swollen lymph nodes</li>
	<li>Muscle pain</li>
	<li>Red eyes</li>
</ul>

There have been reports of rare cases as well wherein a woman with high rubella IgG in pregnancy has the following symptoms:

<ul>
	<li>Ear infections</li>
	<li>Stiff neck</li>
	<li>Swelling in the brain</li>
	<li>Prolonged headache</li>
</ul>

<h2>How is Rubella IgG in Pregnancy Transmitted? </h2>

The Rubella virus spreads when a pregnant woman is in contact with an infected person who sneezes or coughs and spreads the germs onto surfaces and air. Some people do not get the symptoms immediately, making them unaware of being infected and passing the virus around. Hence, it is always safe that people keep a safe distance when they are around pregnant women to avoid such transmissions. As for the expecting mother, it is wise to get a Rubella test in pregnancy immediately in case of any Rubella symptoms.

You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/infections-during-pregnancy-that-can-harm-your-baby-25212?">Infections During Pregnancy That Can Harm Your Baby</a>

<h2>What Does Rubella IgG Positive Means for Pregnant Women? </h2>

If an expecting mother does a Rubella IgG test in pregnancy and tests negative, it means the mother is not immune to the infection. In case of an infection, the virus can pass to the baby from the mother in the womb and the risk is the highest during the initial 3 months. Babies infected with the Rubella virus can suffer from Congenital Rubella Syndrome or CRS, wherein they are born with serious birth defects such as:

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-diabetes-132010">Diabetes</a></li>
	<li>Cataracts</li>
	<li>Liver damage</li>
	<li>Spleen damage</li>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/thyroid-types-causes-symptoms-treatment-190417?">Thyroid</a></li>
	<li>Heart issues</li>
	<li>Deafness</li>
	<li>Hearing impairment</li>
</ul>

In some serious cases, a child may end up losing his life after a few days of birth or the mother may suffer a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/miscarriage-during-early-pregnancy-causes-symptoms-how-to-avoid-155203?">miscarriage</a>.

<h2>Rubella Testing in Pregnancy </h2>

A woman planning to get pregnant should first get a Rubella blood test before pregnancy. Once the result shows negative, she should immediately get herself vaccinated with the MMR vaccine if not taken before. After the vaccination, she should wait for at least one month to get pregnant. In case an expecting mother tests negative for the Rubella virus, she should not get the vaccination as it can cause other side effects.

You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/the-complete-vaccination-schedule-for-pregnant-women-155454?">The Complete Vaccination Schedule for Pregnant Women</a>

<h2>Rubella Treatment During Pregnancy </h2>

While a non-pregnant woman can get herself treated without the use of any medicines if the condition is mild or by consuming pain relievers, a pregnant woman should immediately contact her doctor. A Rubella Immunoglobulin in pregnancy shot named hyperimmune globulin may be provided to her which acts as antibodies to fight the virus. Along with it, complete rest is highly recommended in order to protect the baby and the mother. The mother should have the following antibodies in her blood that help fight the virus:

<h3>1. IgM</h3>

This antibody is seen in the blood for around a week or so in adults and about a year in newborn children after getting the Rubella virus.

<h3>2. IgG </h3>

This antibody stays in the blood forever and can be found in case a person suffered from the virus or has been vaccinated and is immune to the virus.

A Rubella IgG normal range is when the test result shows a 0.7 or lower number whereas a negative test will show a 1.0 or a higher number. These results remain the same for Rubella IgG for pregnancy and normal individual tests.

<h2>Conclusion </h2>

Hence, being Rubella IgG positive in pregnancy means that the woman is immune to the virus by either being vaccinated or having suffered from the virus earlier. It is important for women to take all precautions and vaccination for Rubella on time to avoid complications for themselves and the baby during pregnancy.

References

1. Rubella (German measles) in pregnancy. (2007). Paediatr Child Health.

2. Armah NB, Sagoe KW, Nuamah M; et al. (2022). Rubella virus IgM and IgG antibodies with avidity in pregnant women and outcomes at a tertiary facility in Ghana. PLoS One.

<h3>Tags</h3>

<a href="https://mylofamily.com/bn/article/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-rubella-igg-in-pregnancy-in-bengali-223901">Rubella IgG in Pregnancy in Bengali,</a> <a href="https://mylofamily.com/ta/article/igg-205368">Rubella IgG in Pregnancy in Tamil,</a> <a href="https://mylofamily.com/te/article/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B-%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE-IgG-205974">Rubella IgG in Pregnancy in Telugu</a>

The 6-month check-up: Vaccinations and more 

Congratulations, your baby has completed his first six months by now. He/she should be making all sorts of noises such as cooing or squealing. 

Get ready for some upcoming changes where you&rsquo;ll soon be seeing your baby sitting and crawling all around. To ensure their ongoing health you can schedule a check-up with the doctor and here&rsquo;s what you can expect during your visit to the doctor. 

Check-up with the doctor 

<ul>
	<li>
	The doctor is likely to measure the weight, height and head circumference of the baby. 
	</li>
	<li>
	They may also administer a flu shot depending on the season. 
	</li>
	<li>
	They will do a physical examination in your presence and pay attention to the baby&rsquo;s movements. 
	</li>
</ul>

Questions you may ask - 

<ul>
	<li>
	You can have queries related to any abnormal activity that you have observed. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Questions related to introducing solid foods or milk in their diet 
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	Food items which should be added or removed from the diet 
	</li>
	<li>
	How to introduce more nutritional food in their diet? 
	</li>
	<li>
	How can playtime be made safer and more interactive? 
	</li>
</ul>

Routine care - 

<ul>
	<li>
	With baby teeth appearing around 6 months, you can ease the discomfort by rubbing the baby&rsquo;s gums with a clean finger or cloth. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Your baby may experience growth spurt and is likely to wake up more during the night. In order to handle this situation, make sure to take turns with your husband/ partner to ensure the safety of your baby. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Talk, read a book or sing rhymes to your baby to help them built vocabulary. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Create a safe and clean place for your baby to lie down and play. 
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	Make sure to keep any cords out of their reach, which can result in strangulation. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Ensure there isn&rsquo;t any piece of unsteady furniture lying around which can easily be pulled over. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Keep all reachable cabinets locked and out of reach. 
	</li>
	<li>
	Ensure that medicines are completely out of reach of your baby.
	</li>
</ul>

What questions should you ask the doctor during the 6 months check-up of your baby?

<>Mylo Editor

<big>When can you give cow&#39;s milk to your baby? </big>

<big>One of the best things you can do for your baby is to start the inclusion of healthy and nutrient rich food and to begin with is milk. However, you need to wait till your baby turns one. You should start with full cream milk and not skimmed or low-fat milk, as the included fat is healthy for the baby&rsquo;s brain. </big>

<big>Cow&#39;s milk is a rich source of nutrients and minerals, making it a popular choice for parents to introduce to their baby&#39;s diet. However, it is essential to introduce cow&#39;s milk at the right age and in the right quantity to avoid any adverse effects. In this article, we will discuss when to give cow&#39;s milk to your baby and how to make the transition from breast milk or formula easier.</big>

<h3><big>When to introduce cow&#39;s milk to your baby?</big></h3>

<big>According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), cow&#39;s milk can be introduced to a baby&#39;s diet after the age of 1 year. Before that, it is recommended that infants should only be fed breast milk or formula, as these provide the necessary nutrients for their growth and development.</big>

<big>Introducing cow&#39;s milk too early can lead to various health problems such as anemia, allergies, and even kidney damage. Therefore, it is essential to wait until your baby is at least one year old before offering cow&#39;s milk.</big>

<big>Why wait till your baby turns one? </big>

<big>You might be excited to start on milk a little sooner, but breast milk contains many nutrients, most of which are lacking in cow&rsquo;s milk or are not available in enough quantity. </big>

<big>Though by the time your baby turns one, they are able to compensate on the lost food items with a diet which includes fruits, vegetables and whole grains. </big>

<big>Babies who begin with cow&rsquo;s milk before the age of 1 are likely to develop gastrointestinal distress or certain other deficiencies. As there is too much protein in cow&rsquo;s milk for the baby&rsquo;s kidneys to handle, switching to cow milk can affect the body systems. </big>

<big>Side effects you may notice </big>

<big>When you switch to cow&rsquo;s milk lactose sensitivity may develop soon after, in that case it is advised to be on the lookout for any of the following symptoms: </big>

<ul>
	<li>
	<big>Excess gas </big>
	</li>
	<li>
	<big>Diarrhoea </big>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<big>Skin rashes </big>
	</li>
	<li>
	<big>Change in baby&rsquo;s poop in terms of composition, colour or texture </big>
	</li>
</ul>

<big>How to make the switch easier </big>

<big>After months of feeding on breast milk, your baby may not like the flavour or consistency of cow&rsquo;s milk. Here&rsquo;s how you can make the transition smoother. </big>

<big>Start with small quantities: Begin by introducing small amounts of cow&#39;s milk to your baby&#39;s diet. You can mix it with their usual milk to make the transition easier. Gradually increase the amount of cow&#39;s milk in the mix over a week or two until your baby is comfortable with drinking cow&#39;s milk alone. You can give milk in a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/essentials/feels-natural-baby-bottle-125ml---bpa-free-with-anti-colic-nipple-pack-of-2-bear-giraffe-2296?">bottle</a> to your baby. </big>

<big>Offer it in a cup: Encourage your baby to drink cow&#39;s milk from a cup instead of a bottle. This will help them associate cow&#39;s milk with a new mode of drinking and make the transition easier.</big>

<big>Serve it warm: The breast milk is at body temperature whereas the milk you may be holding may vary in terms of hot or cold. So, it is necessary that you prepare the milk at body temperature to avoid rejection by the baby in the first instance. </big>

<big>Mix and offer: Offer your baby half of the breast milk and half of the cow&rsquo;s milk to let them develop the taste. After a few days, you can lower the ratio of breast milk and increase the amount of cow&rsquo;s milk. </big>

<big>Add extra taste: To make drinking cow&rsquo;s milk a delight add a bit of flavour so that your baby can relish it and does not try to avoid it.</big>

<big>Be patient: It may take some time for your baby to get used to the taste and texture of cow&#39;s milk. Be patient and persistent, and keep offering cow&#39;s milk to your baby.</big>

<big>Conclusion: </big>

<big> In conclusion, cow&#39;s milk can be introduced to your baby&#39;s diet after the age of 1 year. It is essential to introduce it gradually and in small quantities to make the transition easier for your baby. You can add flavors to make cow&#39;s milk more palatable, but avoid adding sugar or any other sweeteners. With patience and persistence, your baby will eventually get used to drinking cow&#39;s milk, and it will become a regular part of their diet.</big>

 

<iframe frameborder="0" height="167" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RuEO79SU-IQ" title="YouTube video player" width="315"></iframe>

Kusum Sabharwal

One of the best things you can do for your baby is to start the inclusion of healthy and nutrient rich food and to begin with is milk. However, you need to wait till your baby turns one. You should start with full cream milk and not skimmed or low-fa

When is the best time to give your child cow's milk and how to make the switch easier?  

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